Short answers, with links to the longer guides. The facts come from Google's pages on testing requirements and setting up a test. Google can change its rules, so check them before you act.

The rule

Who must run a closed test? Personal developer accounts created after 13 November 2023. See which accounts must run a closed test.

How many testers, and for how long? At least 12 testers, opted in continuously for at least 14 days. At least 12 must be opted in when you apply, and must have been opted in for the preceding 14 days. See the rule explained.

Does internal testing count? Google says you must run a closed test before applying for production. Internal testing is optional. See internal, closed and open testing.

When can I start a closed test? Google says you can start a closed test after completing your app setup.

Testers

What if a tester opts out? Testers who opt in, test for fewer than 14 days and then opt out do not count. If a tester opts out and back in, the 14 days must be consecutive. See what to do when a tester drops out.

What accounts can join a test? Google Accounts (@gmail.com) and Google Workspace accounts. See how to set up a closed test.

How do I add testers? Through an email list, or a Google Group. See the setup guide.

Why can't a tester install my app? See testers cannot join your closed test.

Where do I find testers? Google suggests your personal and professional networks, communities and social media. See how to find 12 testers.

The application

What does Google ask when I apply? Three parts: about your closed test, about your app, and about your production readiness. See the questionnaire guide.

Do I have to summarize feedback? Yes. Google also advises keeping a record. See the feedback record template.

What is tester engagement? See tester engagement.

After you apply

How long does the review take? Google says it usually takes seven days or less, but can occasionally take longer.

What if Google asks for more testing? Reasons Google names are fewer than 12 opted-in testers or insufficient tester engagement. See what to do next.

Where can I check everything before I apply? Use the production access checklist.

ClosedTest is an independent service and is not affiliated with Google.